China's Poverty

#China'sPoverty

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China’s poverty alleviation is one of the largest and most ambitious poverty reduction efforts in modern history. Here’s a concise overview:

China’s Poverty Reduction at a Glance

• Timeframe: Most progress made between 1980s–2020

• People lifted out of poverty: Over 800 million since 1980

• Official goal achieved: In 2020, China declared “absolute poverty eradicated”

• Global share: Accounted for over 70% of global poverty reduction during that period (World Bank)

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What Is ‘Absolute Poverty’ in China?

• Defined as individuals living on less than 2,300 yuan per year (about $1 a day), adjusted for inflation (national standard, not World Bank’s global $2.15/day line)

• Focused on:

• Food and clothing

• Basic education

• Basic medical care

• Safe housing

Strategies for Poverty Eradication

1. Targeted Poverty Alleviation (精确扶贫):

• Personalized support for each poor household (e.g., job training, relocation, livestock)

• Data-driven tracking of families and outcomes

2. Relocation Programs:

• Millions moved from remote, uninhabitable areas to new housing with access to services

3. Rural Infrastructure:

• New roads, electricity, internet access, schools, clinics

4. Agricultural & E-commerce support:

• Promoted rural industry, e-commerce platforms for farmers (e.g., via Alibaba)

5. Education and Vocational Training:

• Free compulsory education and targeted scholarships in poor areas

6. Party Accountability:

• Officials were held directly responsible for success/failure of poverty alleviation in their regions

Impact

Year Rural Poor Population Poverty Rate

2012 ~99 million 10.2%

2020 0 0% (official)

(Source: Chinese government reports)

Criticism & Considerations

• Data Transparency: Some critics question definitions and methods of measurement.

• Relative Poverty: While absolute poverty is said to be eradicated, income inequality and rural-urban gaps remain serious.

• Sustainability: Concerns about the long-term viability of relocated communities and job programs.

Global Context

• The World Bank and UN acknowledge China’s success as a remarkable achievement, though encourage continued efforts on inequality, healthcare access, and environmental sustainability.

Would you like a breakdown of the programs by province, or how China’s poverty efforts compare to other countries like India or Brazil?

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