Sagittarius A*, SMBH

by Andrew Oh

https://www.instagram.com/p/DS_CINGk9x1/?igsh=MTMyZmFjbG5vZzg0bw==




Sagittarius A*


1) What is Sagittarius A*?


Sagittarius A* (pronounced “Sagittarius A-star”) is the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.


Mass: about 4 million times the mass of the Sun


Distance from Earth: about 26,000 light-years


Location: the constellation Sagittarius (toward the galactic center)


#SMBH

#SuperMassiveBlackHole

#Sagittarius_A_Star


2) Why the name “A*”?


Sagittarius A” refers to a strong radio source in the galactic center.


A*” identifies the most compact and energetic object within that region.


The star (*) indicates something exceptional in astrophysics.



3) Size and Structure

Event horizon radius: about 12 million kilometers

Diameter: about 24 million kilometers

Despite its huge mass, its physical size is relatively small.


#MilkyWayGalaxy


4) Evidence for its existence


Astronomers observed stars orbiting an invisible massive object near the galactic center.


The star S2 orbits Sagittarius A* in about 16 years.

Its orbit proves the presence of an extremely dense, massive object.


This discovery led to the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics (Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez).


#2020NobelPrizeinPhysics


5) First image (2022)

Captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).


Shows a bright ring of light surrounding a dark shadow.

Matches predictions of Einstein’s general relativity.



6) Activity level


Sagittarius A* is relatively quiet compared to other galactic black holes.


Occasionally emits X-ray and infrared flares.

Evidence suggests it was more active in the past.

Possibly responsible for the Fermi Bubbles (giant gamma-ray structures above and below the galactic plane).



7) Scientific significance


Sagittarius A* is crucial for:


• Testing general relativity

• Understanding black hole physics

• Studying galaxy evolution

• Exploring high-energy astrophysics


One-sentence summary


Sagittarius A* is the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, with a mass about four million times that of the Sun.



A more technical explanation (astrophysics level),

A simple version (ELI5),

Or a comparison with M87*.

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