Economics schools of thought
경제학 학파와 대부들
Crash course economics 14강 주제는 Economcis schools of thought입니다.
고전학파, 케인스학파, 시카고학파, 오스트리아학파 등 경제학에서 다양한 학파가 있어요.
어떤 차이가 있는지 내용을 살펴볼게요.
Q. 영국의 경제학자 Thomas Malthus는 어떤 주장을 했나요?
Malthus predicted that the earth would soon host more people than the land could support in terms of food production, and the result would be mass starvation.
Q.Malthus가 살았던 시기, 그가 경험한 재난은 어떤 재난이었나요?
Most famines in this time have been manmade disasters.
Q.Malthus와 Charles Darwin의 생각을 바탕으로 만들어진 Social Darwinism은 어떤 주장을 하나요?
The ideology of Social Darwinish teaches helping poor people is actually a bad thing to do.
Q. 경제학은 사회과학의 다른 분야와 달리 정확한 과학일까요?
No
It draws conclusions from human behavior which doesn’t follow natural laws like gravity.
Therefore, economics is not an exact science.
Q. 경제학의 이론이 시간에 따라 변하는 이유는 무엇일까요?
Because they reflect differing assumptions about human nature.
Q. 현대 경제학은 언제, 어떻게 시작되었을까요?
Modern economics began in 1776 when Scottish philosopher Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, a book which turned out to be enormously influential.
Q.Divid Ricardo가 주장한 Competitive advantage 이론을 설명해 보세요.
The theory of “competitive advantage,” introduced by David Ricardo, teaches that two nations engaged in trade can both benefit from it even if one of the two countries is able to out-produce the other in every product category.
Q.Marx와 Engels은 무엇을 주장했나요?
Economic philosophers Marx and Engels argued that history is best understood as a conflict between owners and workers and that workers would eventually revolt and establish a society without rich or poor.
Marx(왼쪽)와 Engels(오른쪽)Q. 20세기에 만들어진 Two main camps인 free market capitalism과 communism은 차이를 설명해 주세요.
The “two main camps” that developed in pre-20th century economics were free market capitalism, which relies on private property, and communism, which recommends common ownership of productive property such as factories.
Q. Classical economics는 경제 대공황, 글로벌 금융위기 등을 잘 설명하는 이론일까요?
Classical economics couldn’t explain how such a devastating downturn could happen or how a society could escape it.
Q. 영국의 경제학자 John Maynard Keynes가 주장한 사항은 무엇인가요?
Government action is an important and necessary part of getting out of a recession.
Q. Marx가 말한 Communism에 대해 설명해 보세요.
Marx used the word “communism” to refer to the final end stage that would happen after the workers’ revolution.
In this final stage, the government has withered away and no longer exists.
His vision was that once they got a taste of it, people would love to share everything they had and to work hard for the good of society instead of individual gain.
With everyone feeling this way, you would no longer need a government.
Modern Socialism such as is practiced in Western European nations bears no resemblance to the vision Marx had for how communism would work.
Q. 오스트리아학파인 Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig von Mises는 무엇을 주장했나요?
The Austrian School argues that government involvement in the economy is not a solution to economic woes – in fact, it causes additional problems
Q. Neo-classical economics를 대표하는 미국의 경제학자 Milton Friedman은 무엇을 주장했나요?
Milton Friedman, a prominent U.S. advocate of Austrian economics, wanted to see many government programs put into private hands and run by businesses.
He also wanted less government regulation of business.
Q. Friedman은 경제 대공황이 일어난 이유를 무엇이라고 생각했나요?
Friedman blamed the Great Depression on government mistakes such as how the government handled monetary policy.
Q. The Chicago School of economics은 the Austrian School of economics과 유사한 학파인가요?
Yes
Q. 낙수 경제라고도 알려진 공급 측면 경제학은 무엇을 주장하나요?
Supply-side economics, also known as trickle-down economics, is a theory that recommends both deregulation and cutting taxes on businesses.
Q. 긴축정책은 무엇을 의미하나요?
Austerity is a policy that requires governments to reduce spending and lower their budget deficits
Q. 20세기에 엄격한 공산주의를 시도한 대부분의 국가들은 그 정책을 오늘날까지 유지하고 있을까요?
Most such nations have abandoned strict communism for increasing levels of capitalism in their economies.
감사합니다.
