<변신> 프란츠 카프카
하브루타 읽기
하루아침에 벌레가 되어 버린 남자, 그레고르의 이야기는 너무나도 유명하다. <변신>은 고골의 작품 <코>를 떠올리게 하는 카프카의 대표작이다. 백년이 지났으나 놀랍도록 현대적이고, 실제로 일어날 수 없다는 점에서는 일종의 판타지 소설이기도 하다.
그러나 꿈과 희망을 심어주는 판타지가 아닌, 물질에 매몰된 현실을 상징하는 판타지다. 뭔가 정신을 퍼뜩 차리지 않으면 언제 우리도 벌레가 될지 모른다는 막연한 공포까지 심어준다.
불쌍한 그 남자, 그레고르! 꼭 그렇게 사과를 등에 박고 죽었어야 했을까.
⭕️들어가기
1. 작가에 대해 조사하기
2. 시대적, 공간적 배경 알기
3. 등장 인물의 특성과 관계
4. 소설의 구성단계 나누기
⭕️questioning(發問)
-등장인물 각자의 입장에서 자기소개하기
-벌레라는 낱말의 숨은 의미가 무엇인가?
-벌레가 되었는데도 그레고르는 왜 여전히 출근 걱정만 할까?
-벌레가 된 그레고르는 왜 자기자신에 대해 충분히 들여보지않았나?
-과연 아무 능력도 없는 사람이 존재할 수 있을까?
-벌레로 변한 그레고르지만 누이의 연주를 듣고 감동을 느낀다는 점에서 예술을 이해하는 심미안과 가족들을 원망하지 않는 따뜻한 마음 또한 일종의 능력이라 할 수 있지 않을까?
-인간성을 상실해 가는 가족들의 총체적 위기가 더 큰 문제 아닌가?
-지금 이 시대에도 변신을 꿈꾸는 우리에게 그레고르가 시사하는 바는 무엇인가?
-이 시대의 그레고르는 누구인가? 벌레가 되지 않기 위한 해결책도 제시해 보자.
-그레고르가 죽은지 몇 시간도 채 되지 않았는데 가족들은 지난 과거는 모두 잊고 미래를 생각하자고 이야기한다. 어떤 느낌이 드는가?
-판타지 소설<해리 포터> 등과 이 작품은 어떤 점에서 다른가?
-내가 생각하는 변신은 무엇인가?
끝!
⭕️그레고르에게 바치는 시
<BIRCHES> -Robert Lee Frost-
When I see birches bend to left and right
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,
I like to think some boy's been swinging them.
But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay.
Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen them
Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning
After a rain. They click upon themselves
As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored
As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel.
Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells
Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust--
Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away
You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.
They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load,
And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed
So low for long, they never right themselves:
You may see their trunks arching in the woods
Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground
Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair
Before them over their heads to dry in the sun.
But I was going to say when Truth broke in
With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm
(Now am I free to be poetical?)
I should prefer to have some boy bend them
As he went out and in to fetch the cows
Some boy too far from town to learn baseball,
Whose only play was what he found himself,
Summer or winter, and could play alone.
One by one he subdued his father's trees
By riding them down over and over again
Until he took the stiffness out of them,
And not one but hung limp, not one was left
For him to conquer. He learned all there was
To learn about not launching out too soon
And so not carrying the tree away
Clear to the ground. He always kept his poise
To the top branches, climbing carefully
With the same pains you use to fill a cup
Up to the brim, and even above the brim.
Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish,
Kicking his way down through the air to the ground.
So was I once myself a swinger of birches.
And so I dream of going back to be.
It's when I'm weary of considerations,
And life is too much like a pathless wood
Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs
Broken across it, and one eye is weeping
From a twig's having lashed across it open.
I'd like to get away from earth awhile
And then come back to it and begin over.
May no fate willfully misunderstand me
And half grant what I wish and snatch me away
Not to return. Earth's the right place for love:
I don't know where it's likely to go better.
I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,
And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk
Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,
But dipped its top and set me down again.
That would be good both going and coming back.
One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.
